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Yarmouk Camp ((アラビア語:مخيم اليرموك)) is a district of the city of Damascus, populated by Palestinians, with hospitals and schools. It is located from the center of Damascus and inside the municipal boundaries but when established in 1957, it was outside the surrounding city. Yarmouk is an "unofficial" refugee camp; it was home to the largest Palestinian refugee community in Syria. As of June 2002, there were 112,550 registered refugees living in Yarmouk. During the Syrian Civil War, Yarmouk camp became the scene of intense fighting in 2012 between the Free Syrian Army and the PFLP-GC supported by Syrian Army government forces. The camp then was consequently taken over by various factions and was deprived of supplies, resulting in hunger,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Starving to death in Syria's Yarmouk camp )〕 diseases and a high death rate, which caused many to leave. By the end of 2014, the camp population had gone down to just 20,000 residents. In early April 2015, most of the Yarmouk camp was overrun by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, sparking armed clashes with Palestinian militia Aknaf Bait al-Maqdis,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=40 terrorists killed in Yarmouk clashes )〕 associated with Hamas and the Muslim Brotherhood. According to the Syrian Observatory of Human Rights, the ISIL attack resulted in 40 ISIL militants killed;〔 Palestinian sources reported about 12 camp residents killed,〔()〕 while Syrian source reported 13 killed;〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Syrian rights group: At least 13 killed in Yarmouk camp )〕 and independent sources also confirmed two fatalities from mortar fire in an adjacent Damascus area. It was reported that despite Palestinian militia resistance and parallel bombing by the Syrian Air Force, ISIL still controlled 90% of the camp by 6 April. The situation in the camp came to the attention of the UN Security Council, which aimed to discuss the prospects of some 18,000 residents of the occupied camp.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=U.N. Security Council mulls how to help Syria's Yarmouk civilians )〕 ==History== Yarmouk was established in 1957 on an area of to accommodate refugees who were squatters.〔 Though it is not officially recognized as a refugee camp, road signs leading to this sector of the city read "''Mukhayyam al-Yarmouk''", meaning "Yarmouk camp".〔 Administratively, Yarmouk is a city (''madina'') in the Damascus Governorate.〔(Damascus governorate population 2004 census )〕 Over time, refugees living in Yarmouk improved and expanded their housing. Currently, the district was densely populated, with cement block homes and narrow streets. Two main roads were lined with shops and filled with service taxis and microbuses that ran through the camp.〔 The BBC wrote that, although Yarmouk "is identified as a camp, there are no tents or slums in sight. It is a residential area with beauty salons and internet cafes".〔("Lure of the homeland fades for Palestinian refugees," ) Lina Sinjab, 24 August, 2010, BBC News, Damascus.〕 Living conditions in Yarmouk appeared to be better than in Palestinian refugee camps in Syria, and residents of the camp numbered many professionals— doctors, engineers and civil servants, as well as many casual laborers and street vendors.〔 There are four hospitals and a number of government-run secondary schools. UNRWA operates 20 elementary schools and eight preparatory schools in the camp, and sponsors two women's program centers. There are three UNRWA health care centers in Yarmouk, two of which received upgrades in 1996 with contributions from the government of Canada. In 1997, six schools were upgraded with contributions from the government of the United States, and a kindergarten was built with funds from the government of Australia. In 1998, the UNRWA was also able to construct a health center funded by the government of the Netherlands.〔 There is another Health Center whose expertise is devoted to prevention and treatment of thalassemia. The Center was built in 2009 thanks to funds provided by the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yarmouk Camp」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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